Prof Frank Chinegwundoh is a Consultant Urological Surgeon.  He was appointed as a Consultant to Barts Health NHS Trust and Newham University Hospital NHS Trust in 1996.  He is a lecturer at  the University of London and in that capacity examines theses for doctoral degrees in urology.

He is an expert in the field of prostate cancer and is invited to speak at international meetings.  Prof Chinegwundoh published the first paper in the UK to show that black men in the UK have a three-fold excess risk of developing prostate cancer compared to white men.  He has authored numerous publications and book chapters.

Prof Chinegwundoh sits on the Department of Health Prostate Cancer Advisory Group, the Cancer Reform Strategy group, the National Cancer Equalities group and a working party on cancer survivorship.  He also sits on the Bowel Cancer Screening Advisory Group.  He is the spokesman for the Prostate Cancer Charter for Action.  Since 1998 he has chaired the Charity Cancer Black Care.  He is a Trustee of the Prostate Cancer Support Federation and was previously a trustee of Prostate Action.

Apart from expertise in prostate cancer therapies he is also able to employ a variety of technologies to deal with the enlarged benign prostate, for example TURP, TURIS, TUNA.

In 2008 he received a National Clinical Excellence Award and in 2013 was awarded an MBE for services to the NHS. In 2010 he graduated with a Master of Medical Law degree from Glasgow University.  In 2002 he was appointed a visiting Professor in Urology to the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital in Enugu.

A new report has highlighted that today’s children are not active enough. Children as young as two spend much more time playing with ipads, computers and similar gadgets than exercising. UK guidelines recommend that children under 5 years of age should be physically active for a minimum of 3 hours a day. Those between 5 and 15 should be active for a minimum of one hour each day.

The report notes that over 80% of pre-school children do not exercise for  even an hour a day. Some of the reasons for the lack of activity include parents using ipads as modern-day dummies (to keep children entertained).  Children also do less walking and are more likely to be driven between locations. 

The health implications linked with low physical activity in children are numerous. It can affect brain, bone and muscle development. It is also associated with higher rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes.  Children who develop good exercise habits are more likely to maintain these into adulthood and therefore reduce their risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is of particular importance to people of African and African-Caribbean descent who already exhibit high rates of these conditions.  

Parents can encourage physical activity in their children in a variety of ways including short walks and playing traditional physical games.

You can read more about this report and gain tips for increasing physical activity in children here.

On Monday, we attended Breast Cancer Care’s reception in Parliament where they launched the findings of their research into the needs of Black, Asian and minority (BAME) women after treatment for breast cancer.   Their research was funded by the Big Lottery Fund and was a collaboration with King’s College London.

This event was hosted by Dawn Butler MP, whose mother and sister were affected by breast cancer. Speaking at the reception, the Chief Executive of Breast Cancer Care  Samia al Qadhi, summarised the findings stating that BAME women felt  a greater sense of isolation after treatment, there was still a significant amount of stigma associated with breast cancer in certain cultures, there is a lack of culturally sensitive support, a number of communication and language issues, and services do not always meet the needs of BAME women.  Breast Cancer Care explained that to address these issues they piloted a new culturally inclusive service in 2015 called PROWESS (Promoting Recovery, Wellbeing, Equality and Support in Survivorship). This service supported the self-management of BAME women after their hospital-based treatment for breast cancer. You can read more about PROWESS here.

Breast Cancer Care stated that policy-makers must consider the needs of BAME women in the implementation of current cancer strategies and ensure that new policies are inclusive and that everyone working in this area has to develop an understanding of how services can be culturally adapted.

During the reception we also heard from Heather Wilson from the Black Health Initiative in Leeds. Ms Wilson was very supportive of the research and its recommendations and stressed the importance of effective partnerships in addressing the issues raised during the research project.

We applaud the work being done by Breast Cancer Care to address the inequalities that exist in this area and look forward to seeing the next phase of this work. We were pleased to have been a part of the working group for PROWESS and hope that this programme will be launched nation wide.

Following our successful short bikeability summer courses with The Cycling Instructor we’re delighted to be launching a new cycling club starting next month.   As part of this project we’re looking for a friendly, outgoing person to take on the role of a part-time cycling club coordinator.

As a cycling coordinator you will be the main point of contact for our cycling club liaising with both the instructors and club members. You’ll be responsible for helping the instructors organise each cycling session and keeping everyone well-informed about the club’s activities. You can also get involved in the creative marketing side by promoting the group on social media and in the local area and you’ll be responsible for evaluating the impact of the project.

To find out more about this role please download the job description below or email info@thelakefoundation.com

It’s cervical cancer prevention week  (24th to 30th Jan) so it’s an ideal time to remind everyone about the cervical cancer screening test- otherwise known as The Smear.

Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer in women aged 35 and under and over 3,000 UK women are diagnosed with the disease each year.

The term cervical cancer describes the uncontrolled division/growth of abnormal cells in the neck of the womb (cervix).   In over 99% of cases the cancer is caused by prolonged infection with a high risk strain of a virus known as human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV can spread between peoplethrough skin to skin contact in and around the genital area. HPV infection doesn’t lead to cervical cancer in everyone. However, as it’s such a common virus it is important that we do all we can to help prevent the occurrence or spot early signs of the disease. Below are 3 important steps:

1. Attend you smear test
During a smear test, a nurse or doctor removes a sample of cells from your cervix. These cells are then examined for any changes that might lead to cancer in the future. The process may be uncomfortable but it is over in a short period of time and is important in spotting potential problems. You should normally receive a request to attend a smear test from the age of 25. But if you do not receive one or are below 25 and have any concerns about your cervix – speak to your GP.  Women from ethnic minorities are less likely to attend their smear appointments. This short video discusses the reasons for this.

2.  Be aware of  the symptoms of cervical cancer
Changes to the cells of the cervix do not usually cause symptoms. But if these changes become cancerous they can lead to symptoms such as:

· Unusual bleeding (e.g. during or after sexual intercourse,  between periods, after the menopause)
· Unusual vaginal discharge
· Discomfort or pain during sex
· Lower back pain
· Changes to the frequency of urination
· Blood in the urine
·  Rectal bleeding
· Diarrhoea
· Incontinence
· Leg swelling

Many of these symptoms may be associated with other conditions and have nothing to do with cervical cancer. But it is always best to get them investigated by seeing your GP as soon as possible.

3.  HPV vaccine
Another nationwide programme which helps to reduce the occurrence of cervical cancer is the HPV vaccination programme. The NHS routinely offers vaccinations to girls aged 11–13 in Scotland and 12–13 in the rest of the UK. Girls normally receive the vaccine in school, but they can also receive it from their GP. The vaccine is free for all girls aged 11–17 in Scotland and 12–17 in the rest of the UK.  The vaccine does not offer 100% protection against cervical cancer so anyone who has received it still needs to regularly attend their smear appointments as do all women seeking to prevent cervical cancer.

Please have a look at some women’s experiences of cervical cancer and let us know your thoughts. The smear test may not be pleasant- but is skipping it a risk worth taking?

An interesting new study has linked sweet drinks with body fat. The study has shown that drinking sugary drinks (such as coke) every day increases a type of body fat known as visceral fat. This type of fat surrounds particular organs in our bodies such as the pancreas and the liver. Visceral fat is important because it is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

The study of a 1,003 people(average age of 45 years) compared the effects of sugary soda with diet soda drinks on visceral fat. The participants completed questionnaires about their food and drink consumption andbody fat levels were recorded using CT scans.  The participants were followed up over a period of 6 years and the authors found that those who drank sugary soda most frequently (daily) had the highest levels of visceral fat. However, there was no change in visceral fat levels in those who drank diet soda drinks.

People of African and African-Caribbean descent (and other ethnic minorities) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Reducing the drinking frequency or finding alternatives to these drinks may help to reduce the risk of these conditions.

You can read more about this report here and here.

The Lake Foundation is delighted to announce that we have received a grant from Sport England, an organisation committed to helping people and their communities create sporting habits for life.  

This grant will support the full cost of running our new cycling club for a year which aims to encourage people in our local community to get more active. The club will be open to everyone but will focus on encouraging more African Caribbean people and women to cycle.

We are very grateful to Sport England for supporting us and believing in our project and look forward to our club members not only getting some great exercise but discovering the beauty of South London as we cycle through the lovely green spaces of Croydon and the surrounding area.

Our cycling club begins on Saturday 13^th February  at 10am, for more information please email events@thelakefoundation.com or keep an eye on our website.

The Christmas and New Year break are over and although I enjoyed it, I felt strangely relieved.  I think that’s because although it’s normally a really enjoyable time of year- it can also be highly stressful.  We know stress has an effect on general health. But how much do we know about how stress affects particular conditions associated with the Black community?  Black women have the highest risk of developing fibroids (non-cancerous growths in or around the womb). They can lead to heavy periods, period pain and pregnancy challenges (amongst other things). It is useful to know if stress plays a part in the existence of fibroids since we can control the way we handle stress.

A basic search of the literature doesn’t reveal many studies focused on the link between stress and fibroids.  One study did note that the increase in stress hormone cortisol can cause fluctuations in oestrogen and progestogen. Low levels of these hormones are linked to a reduction in fibroid growth.  This particular US study actually investigated the links between major-life event stress and fibroids in both Black and White women.  The authors reported  that the greater the number of ‘major life events’ the female experienced, the more likely she was to have fibroids. The pattern was evident among white women who had experienced all levels of stress yet only obvious  among  very highly stressed  Black women.  The authors of another study looked at 22,002 premenopausal  US Black women.  They reported that high levels of self-reported racism increased the risk of fibroids.  However, a study on Chinese women did not find any link between stress and the presence of fibroids. You can find out more about these studies here, here andhere.

Due to the small number of studies which investigate the link between fibroids and stress, it is difficult to say whether there is a true link- more work needs to be done in this area.  However, some people do find that they discover their fibroids after a period of stress in their lives. Have any of you had this experience?

A new report about the burden of obesity in the UK, has delivered shocking predictions about future cancer rates. Based on today’s trends the report predicts that nearly 3 in 4 adults will be overweight or obese by 2035 and this would lead to an additional 670,000 cases of cancer.

Rising obesity may lead to increased cancer rates for several reasons. High amounts of fat in the body change the levels of hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone which may raise the risk of cancer. Raised levels of fat can also alter the quantities of chemical messengers in the body and possibly have cancer related effects.

 Black people are at already very high risk for particular forms of cancer.  Black men have the highest risk of developing prostate cancer amongst all other ethnicities. Young Black women have worse breast cancer outcomes compared with white women.

The report (co-authored by Cancer Research UK and the UK Health forum) also suggests a variety of strategies which may help reduce obesity rates and consequently cancer rates. These recommendations appear to be sensible and practical but may not be sufficient for members of the UK population at high risk of obesity e.g. Black men and women. According to a 2014 report, Black men and women have the highest rates of obesity in England. Furthermore, it has been reported that Black and other ethnic minority children have higher rates of obesity when compared to White children in the UK. Further investigation into the obesity challenges faced by the Black community is needed.

You can find more information about the studies here, here, and here.

Comfort Momoh is a  Female Genital Mutilation/Public Health Specialist at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in London and  is the founder of the African Well Woman’s Clinic, a service that provides counselling, support, information and surgical reversal to women and girls who have undergone FGM.  

She was an advisor to the World Health Organisation, represented the UK at the UN Commission on the Status of Women in 2001, is the Chairperson for  Black Women’s Health and Family Sport,  is the vice-president of the European Network on FGM and is a member of the UK’s FGM National Clinical Group.

 In 2003, she was awarded the first ever nurse/midwife of the year award by Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust , in 2014 she was the recipient of the Nigerian Centenary Awards’ 100 Outstanding Nigerians past and present who have lived in the UK over the past 100 years and in 2008 she was awarded an MBE for her services to women’s health.

[Photo credit: Top Forma]