Climate change has been a controversial topic since Al Gore’s 2006 documentary, an Inconvenient Truth, with people passionately defending both sides of the debate – climate change deniers and climate change believers.  Over the past year climate change has become very topical due to the United States pulling out of the Paris Agreement. This is an agreement that aims to facilitate a global response to climate change by “keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.” Countries throughout the world have committed to working towards this aim and will report regularly on their emissions.

Why are we so concerned about climate change? Researchers have been able to demonstrate that climate change will have a significant impact on the weather, agriculture and a range of other areas. This week, The Lancet Countdown report has demonstrated the impact of climate change on our health.

What is the Lancet Countdown?

The Lancet Countdown is an international research collaboration consisting of 26 institutions tracking the world’s response to climate change and in so doing have been able to reveal the impact that climate change has on the public’s health.

Some of the research findings

In this week’s report, researchers stated that climate change is “already a significant public health issue and a looming global health emergency.”

Some of their key findings were:

• Between 2000 and 2016, the number of vulnerable people exposed to heatwave events had increased by around 125 million.
• Annual weather-related disasters increased by 46% from 2000 to 2013.
• Vectorial capacity for the transmission of dengue increased by 9.4% (Aedes aegypti) and 11.1% (Aedes albopictus) due to climate trends since the 1950s.
• The number of undernourished people in 30 countries vulnerable to climate change and highly dependent on regional food production has increased from 398 million in 1990 to 422 million in 2016.
• Over 803,000 premature and avoidable deaths in 2015 as a result of air pollution across 21 Asian countries, attributable to just one type of air pollution from coal power, transport and use of fossil fuels in the home.

The report highlights the progress that has been made to tackle climate change and this includes:

• Many countries now have a climate change risk assessment in place
• Over a third of countries in the study have developed plans to increase the climate resilience of their health infrastructure
• The total primary energy supply of coal peaked in 2013 and has been rapidly declining, showing a movement towards cleaner energy supplies

Prof. Anthony Costello, Co-Chair of the Lancet Countdown and a Director at the World Health Organization concluded that:

 “Climate change is happening and it’s a health issue today for millions worldwide. The outlook is challenging, but we still have an opportunity to turn a looming medical emergency into the most significant advance for public health this century.”

The Lancet Countdown will continue to report on climate change annually with the aim of ensuring that governments continue to pursue efforts to prevent climate change.

Our Thoughts

The Lake Foundation was happy to see this report published which provided an update on the progress being made to tackle climate change and clearly explained the impact on our health. It was sad to read that climate change is disproportionately affecting communities least responsible for climate change and those most vulnerable in society. We need to understand how we can encourage those that are most responsible for climate change to take responsibility and act now.  There is work to be done to discuss climate change with those who believe it doesn’t exist, many people with this view are very influential and there needs to be some form of compromise so that progress can be made.  The take home message should be that regardless of your view, we need to respect and take care of the planet.  Reducing pollution and preserving our wildlife is the right thing to do, you can’t really argue with that.

---

For more information on the Lancet Countdown report please visit their website here

The Healthy Caribbean Coalition in collaboration with the NCD Alliance have released an  action plan for preventing childhood obesity in the Caribbean. This action plan is based on a number of frameworks developed by organisations around the world to ensure consistency. The plan aims to foster a collaborative approach to tackling childhood obesity with recommendations for civil society working in partnership with governments and the private sector.

This action plan is of utmost importance as a third of children in the Caribbean are overweight or obese. Children who are overweight or obese are at an increased risk of being overweight or obese adults and of developing a non-communicable disease (NCD) later in life.

The Priorities of the Plan

Rates of childhood obesity are increasing in the Caribbean; this needs to be addressed to improve the health of the Caribbean community. If left unchecked the Caribbean will see a huge increase in NCDs leading to avoidable ill-health and premature death. The Healthy Caribbean Coalition’s action plan aims to address this. Their plan focuses on seven priority areas. These include:

Trade and fiscal policies e.g. taxation of unhealthy food

Nutrition literacy e.g. mandatory front-of-package nutrition labelling

Early childhood nutrition e.g. interventions related to breastfeeding and complementary foods

Marketing of healthy and unhealthy foods and drinks e.g. banning of marketing of unhealthy foods and drinks to children

School and community based interventions e.g. mandatory physical activity in schools  

Resource mobilisation for interventions addressing childhood obesity

Strategic planning, monitoring and evaluation: e.g monitoring progress through the use of the CSO Childhood Obesity Prevention Scorecard

Next Steps

The Healthy Caribbean Coalition team, based in Barbados, will take the lead on implementing this action plan and will form a regional Steering Committee with members coming from the around the Caribbean representing the private sector, government and civil society organisations. They will also form a civil society organisation action network for childhood obesity prevention who will work on promoting relevant policies and interventions.

We’re really happy to see this action plan published. It provides a good foundation on which to start work on the prevention of childhood obesity in the Caribbean and we look forward to getting involved in this work.

More Information

For more information please visit the HCC website here, download the action plan below or email  hcc@healthycaribbean.org

A couple of weeks ago government representatives from across  the world met in Montevideo, Uruguay for the World Health Organisation’s Global Conference on NCDs (Non-communicable diseases, e.g: cancer, diabetes,  cardiovascular disease etc).  The objectives of the conference were: to guide countries on how to reach sustainable development goal target 3.4 by 2030; to launch a new set of global initiatives to help countries accelerate progress in tackling NCDs; to share and exchange experiences; and to discuss how the health sector can be a key example of the benefit of enhancing policy coherence to achieve the sustainable development goals.

Making A Commitment to Tackle NCDs

At this conference governments endorsed the Montevideo Roadmap 2018-2030 on NCDs as a Sustainable Development Priority. By endorsing this roadmap they have made a commitment to take significant steps towards reducing the premature deaths due to NCDs by a third. They recognised that NCDs are one of the major challenges of the 21^st century and that progress to tackle them has been uneven and insufficient. The roadmap states that 15 million 30 to 69 year olds per year die from a NCD and 80% of these premature deaths occur in developing countries.  There are a number of challenges associated with tackling NCDs and with this is mind they committed to the following actions:

• Reinvigorate political action
• Enable health systems to respond more effectively to NCDs
• Increase significantly the financing of national NCD responses and international cooperation
• Increase efforts to engage sectors beyond health
• Reinforce the role of non-State actors
• Seeks measures to address the negative impact of products and environmental factors harmful for health and strengthen the contribution and accountability of the private sector and other non-State actors
• Continue relying on WHO’s leadership and key role in the global response to NCDs
• Act in unity

Our Thoughts

We were delighted to see world leaders come together and make this commitment and look forward to seeing these actions being taken forward.

We’re particularly happy to see that efforts will be made to engage with a variety of stakeholders. As a small organisation that is passionate about improving the health and well-being of our community we do get frustrated at the lack of engagement with grassroots organisations. We have many times reached out to local and national governments with our enthusiasm and ideas, ready to play a role but have received lukewarm responses or no responses at all. We hope that governments will see the value of working with small organisations and we have been grateful for the funding provided by Croydon Council, Sports England, Macmillan and Eli Lilly for some of the work we’ve conducted on NCDs. We look forward to continuing to work in this area and making our own small contribution.

---

You can read the complete Montevideo Roadmap below.

Yesterday, the Healthy Caribbean Coalition launched an online portal of all the non-communicable disease  (NCD) commissions in the Caribbean. The portal gives information on all active boards, groups or bodies that have been established to coordinate their countries’ plans for the prevention of NCDs. The aim of this portal is to raise awareness of the work being conducted on NCDs so that those interested in this area can learn more about the work being conducted in the Caribbean, and by whom.

The development of the portal was developed to support one of the recommendations of the 2007 Port of Spain Declaration: Uniting to Sport the Epidemic of NCDs which stated that:

 “We strongly encourage the establishment of National Commissions on NCDs or analogous bodies to plan and coordinate the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic NCDs.”

This portal highlights the progress that governments across the Caribbean have made in taking forward this recommendation and the Healthy Caribbean Coalition will keep the portal updated to ensure it gives a true reflection of the work being conducted across the Caribbean.

For more information about the portal and to access it, please click here

Today is World Stroke Day giving us the perfect opportunity to put the spotlight on this condition.  The organisers of World Stroke Day, the World Stroke Organisation, as part of this year’s campaign are asking the question: what’s your reason for preventing stroke? Our reason is because strokes are more common in the black community and we would like to prevent this condition from affecting so many people in our community. This is achievable as 90% of strokes are linked to avoidable risks.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world with 6.2 million deaths per year being due to stroke. It is also the leading cause of disability with 5 million people being permanently disabled every year after suffering a stroke.

What is a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off resulting in damage to or death of brain cells. You can think of a stroke as a similar to a heart attack, but it takes place in the brain, people sometimes refer to it as a brain attack.

There are two types of stroke:

Ischaemic strokes – this is where something blocks an artery to the brain. The blockage can be caused by a blood clot, air bubble or fat globule.

Haemorrhagic strokes – these occur when a blood vessel bursts and bleeds into the brain.

It is estimated that members of the black community are twice as likely to suffer from a stroke as the white population. This is thought to be related to the fact that stroke is a complication of diabetes, high blood pressure and sickle cell; these are all common conditions in the black community.

You can watch the video below to find out more about what a stroke is.

Warning Signs of a Stroke

When someone has a stroke it is very important that they get medical care quickly to ensure that any damage to the brain is kept to a minimum. Strokes happen suddenly so the person who has the stroke or those around him/her may not recognise what is happening until it is too late.  There may be warning signs just before  a stroke occurs so it is very important that everyone is aware of what these are so that you can get help immediately from the emergency services.

The warning signs of a stroke are:

• Numbness or weakness in your face, arm, or leg, especially on one side
• Confusion or trouble understanding other people
• Trouble speaking
• Trouble seeing with one or both eyes
• Trouble walking or staying balanced or coordinated
• Dizziness
• Severe headache that comes on for no known reason

Who is at risk of having a stroke?

• Older people – most strokes occur in people over the age of 65 but younger people have strokes too with 25% of strokes being in younger people
• People with a family history–if a close family member has had a stroke your risk of having a stroke is higher
• Particular ethnic groups – South Asians, Africans and Caribbeans are more likely to have a stroke
• People with a medical history – if you’ve already had a stroke, heart attack or a mini-stroke you are more likely to have a stroke. Also if you have diabetes, high blood pressure and sickle cell.
• Smokers – smoking doubles your risk of having a stroke
• Drinkers – alcohol can increase your risk of having a stroke

Prevention of Strokes

You can reduce your risk of having a stroke by:

• Eating a healthy diet – a low fat, high fibre diet is recommended including plenty of fruits and vegetables
• Regular exercise – this will make your heart and blood circulation more efficient
• Not smoking
• Reducing your alcohol intake

Think FAST

If you or someone you know are ever worried that you may be having a stroke it is important to think FAST:

Face: weakness of the face. Can you or the person smile? Has your face fallen on one side?

Arms: weakness in the arms. Can you or the person lift their arms?

Speech: has your speech been affected. Are you experiencing slurred speech?

Time: if any of the above are experienced then call 999/911 immediately

 More information

This World Stroke Day let’s all make a commitment to work towards preventing stroke by changing our lifestyle and being aware of the symptoms. This is so important for the black community as we are twice as likely to develop stroke.

For more information on stroke you can visit the following websites:

• World Stroke Day
• Stroke Association
• Centres for Disease Prevention

After their successful 12-week, pop-up wellness hub last year, which was a health and fitness club, spa lounge and workshop zone all rolled into one, Noire Wellness will be hosting a fibroids wellness hub. This will be held on Sunday 26^th November at Wiseworks and will cover a range of topics including diet, exercise and the emotional impact of fibroids.

The wellness hub aims to empower women affected by fibroids giving them the information and practical support that they need to improve their well-being.

Noire Wellness is an organisation that aims to improve the health and wellness of the African and African-Caribbean community through the offer of local wellness hubs, community consultancy services and a growing wellness business network.

You can book your place on EventBrite here and for more information about the fibroids wellness hub, please download their flyer below or email  info@noirewellness.com

You can find out more about Noire Wellness by following them on Twitter, liking their page on Facebook or signing up to their newsletter here

Last week Monday was World Food Day. This day is recognised every year on 16^th October and aims to highlight the on-going issue of hunger and food scarcity globally. It gives us the opportunity to reflect on the world’s efforts to ensure food security and that everyone has access to healthy food.

This year’s theme was “Change the future of migration. Invest in food security and rural development.” The idea behind this theme was to raise awareness of the fact that addressing the reasons why people migrate will enable us to tackle hunger and food scarcity.

People migrate for many reasons such as political instability or conflict in a country, but many more people migrate due to hunger, poverty and extreme weather conditions. A lot of migration occurs in developing countries where people move within their country, for example from the countryside to the city. This puts a huge strain on already meagre resources and further exacerbates the problem of hunger and food scarcity in these countries.

Research has shown that 763 million people migrate within their borders which, contrary to popular beliefs, means there is more internal migration then external migration in the world.  When we look at the people who migrate internally a third of them are young adults aged 15-34 and almost half of them are women. The question is: what is going on? Why are young adults and women migrating in such large numbers? As previously stated people migrate for many reasons, and hunger and poverty is one of them.

What World Food Day is encouraging people to understand is why people are hungry and poor in the first place. Can we tackle those reasons? If we can get to the root of the problem and address these reasons, it will prevent hunger and poverty. This will stop people from migrating in such large numbers and then putting a strain on food resources in the cities they migrate to.

When we look at people that migrate internally, the majority come from rural areas where people depend on a limited number of sectors to survive. There tends to be a lack of job opportunities, a lack of opportunity for further education and no access to healthcare; pairing this with other issues like a natural disaster leads to migration. Therefore, this World Food Day, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations encouraged governments to focus on rural development.

Through rural development business, job and educational opportunities can be developed making communities stronger financially. Whilst providing access to good healthcare can improve their health and wellbeing. This means rural communities can become stronger so that when disaster strikes they are better equipped to overcome any natural or man-made disaster.  They can stand strong without the need for mass migration.

The key to rural development is balance.  We know that aspects of rural life are better for our health and well-being – people are more physically active, consume less processed foods, are less dependent on technology and have better social interactions. Therefore there is a need to preserve what is good about rural living and turn away from just converting rural areas into urban cities. We need a creative approach to rural development that delivers the development that is needed to strengthen communities, but doesn’t create the problems associated with urban living.  This can only be achieved by a totally understanding the communities, their interests and what they would want from urban development.

We hope that the message from World Food Day resonated with people throughout the world so that we can eradicate hunger and poverty. There is certainly enough food and resources in the world to feed everyone so let us spread that around by strengthening all communities.

---

References

Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations

Prostate Cancer UK is seeking to better understand the information and support needs of people who are, or have been, closely affected by prostate cancer across the UK.  Justice Studio has been commissioned by Prostate Cancer UK to undertake research into these unmet needs.

They are interested in hearing from both people who have been diagnosed with the disease and their supporters, such as a partner, family member or carer.

The aim of this research is to understand more about unmet needs in relation to a prostate cancer diagnosis. Unmet needs are defined as those needs that are not being met by the NHS, including a GP or other healthcare provider. The research consists of a survey, as well as face-to-face and telephone interviews with diagnosed people and the people who support them.

Prostate Cancer UK  are particularly interested in hearing from Black African/Caribbean men, gay and bisexual men and their supporters.

If you fit any of the above criteria and would like to take part you can complete the survey here. The survey should take 10 to 30 minutes. Responses are completely anonymous and will directly inform the charity about what support services they can offer in the future and where they focus their campaigning work.

For more information about this piece of work please contact Shirley Ahura on shirley@justicestudio.org

On 9^th October the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) launched their new campaign, Mosquito Mission. This campaign highlights the fact that the humble little mosquito is the Caribbean’s deadliest animal, being more dangerous than lions, snakes and sharks. This is because mosquitoes in the Caribbean transmit  a number of diseases, these are Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya.

CARPHA’s new campaign draws our attention to the three things the public can do to fight the threat posed by mosquitoes:

• End the breeding
• Stop the biting
• Take action

On their new website they provide extensive advice on each of the above areas. This includes information on preventing your home from becoming a breeding ground for mosquitoes.  Mosquitoes breed in stagnant fresh water that has been standing for four to seven days. The message here is to dispose of any water that has collected around your house and to remove any containers that may collect rain water. CARPHA also stresses that the best way to prevent the transmission of a mosquito-borne disease is to avoid being bitten in the first place and this can be achieved by wearing long-sleeved clothing; using insect repellent containing DEET, Picaridin, IR 3535 and Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus;  using mosquito nets on windows and doors to prevent their entry into your home; and  to sleep protected by a mosquito net. CARPHA’s final message is that people should act quickly and visit a doctor should they think they have been bitten by an infected mosquito and feel unwell.

In addition to these messages, CARPHA is also raising awareness of the symptoms of mosquito-borne diseases, is providing information on testing and has information on what exactly Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya are. For this and more information please visit CARPHA’s website here , watch the video below or you can contact CARPHA by emailing them or calling +1-868 299-0820

Last week was World Obesity Day and to mark the occasion researchers released global estimates of childhood and adolescent obesity levels. The publication of this data aimed to give a flavour of where we are with the health of children throughout the world and initiate action on tackling childhood obesity. The study pulled together data from 2,416 sources and this covered information on the height and weight of 128.9 million people aged 5 and over from 1975 to 2016.

Overall the data showed that globally the number of obese children increased by a factor of 10 from 1975 to 2016. If we put that into numbers the number of obese girls (aged 5 to 19) rose from 5 million in 1975 to 50 million in 2016, whilst the number of obese boys increased from 6 million to 74 million.

Interestingly, when we look at specific regions across the world, we see that Polynesia and Micronesia have the highest childhood obesity levels and the lowest levels are seen in south Asia and east Africa.

It was also noted that whilst there are high levels of obesity amongst children worldwide a significant number of children are moderately or severely underweight – 75 million girls and 117 million boys. The majority of these children are in South Asia, specifically India.

What’s happening in the Caribbean?

The Caribbean is also included in this study with 18 countries explored. This included Antigua & Barbuda, the Bahamas, Belize, Barbados, Bermuda, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia,  St Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago and Suriname.

When all the data for the Caribbean was pooled together, the data was somewhat promising in 5-9 year olds with the average BMI (Body Mass Index) for Caribbean boys and girls being on the lower end when compared to other countries. For example, the average BMI for girls aged 5-9 in the Caribbean was found to be about 16kg/m². This was the 6^th lowest out of 21 countries. The highest being about 20 kg/m² in Polynesia and Micronesia, the lowest being 14.5kg/m² in East Africa and South Asia.

When looking at the older age group of 10-19 year olds, the data is not so promising with Caribbean children being on the higher end of the scale. For example, the average BMI for Caribbean boys aged 10-19 was about 21.5 kg/m², the 6^th highest out of 21 countries. The highest being almost 24 kg/m² in Polynesia and Micronesia, the lowest being 18 kg/m2 in South Asia

As well as looking at the average BMI, the researchers explored the prevalence of obesity in different countries and again some countries in the Caribbean are ranked amongst the highest with countries like Bermuda and Puerto Rico having an obesity prevalence in girls of over 20%.

Conclusion

This work confirms what is widely known in the Caribbean and other countries, childhood obesity is a problem and needs to be tackled with some urgency. On paper the solution is easy: get children active and improve their diet, but in reality due to a number of factors such as culture, income, motivation and opportunity the solution is difficult and complex.

We all need to work together to determine how best we can address this problem by encouraging the Caribbean to see the benefits of their traditional way of life before Western culture and food were embraced. We have to make physical activity a part of life and turn back to home-grown, unrefined, home-made food.