It is always wonderful coming across organisations in the health and wellbeing field who are making a significant impact in their community, and Fly Girls Fitness, Wellness and Mindfulness is one of those organisations.

Fly Girls Fitness, Wellness and Mindfulness is an award-winning organisation based in Wembley in the UK and founded by Amanda Epe who is a writer, coach and health promotion specialist. They aim to improve the health and wellbeing of their community through creativity and activity. Their work primarily focuses on girls, women and young people and centres around three activities:

• Fly Girls Fitness
• The Fly Girls Running Community
• Fly Girls Wellness (writing for wellbeing workshops)

Fly Girls Fitness

With Fly Girls Fitness young girls are encouraged to get active using fun activities likes Box Fit and Dance Fit. Here young ladies from the age of 12-25 can come together for free to have fun, get fit and improve their health. The sessions are all about the participants with attendees being able to bring their own playlist of music, this greatly enhances the experience making sessions more enjoyable and giving everyone a sense of ownership of the class.

Classes take place every Saturday afternoon from 3:15pm to 4:15pm at the Chalkhill Centre in Wembley.

Fly Girls Running Community

The Fly Girls Running Community is a group of local women mostly from the London Borough of Brent who meet every Sunday morning at 9am to run together at the national stadium, Wembley. Women of all ages and abilities assemble in the municipal offices at the civic centre before they move upstairs to the stadium for their warm up exercises. The run is for girls over 14 to senior women but particularly targeted at the older population and women from African, Caribbean and Asian heritages, who have higher rates of health inequalities.

This is a get-me-started, run-together group, which started initially as 3 women back in October 2016 and has grown to 30 registered members.  By getting people started the group encourages people who are new to running and/or being active. New members feel welcome in their friendly group where members are non-competitive, and the individual decides whether they wish to run or walk. Those who are new to running take it step by step, gradually going from walking to slow jogging up to 2km, 5km or beyond.

The Fly Girls Running Community has been a massive success with the group winning Run Group of the Year at the London Region England Athletics Volunteer Awards 2017. This was an amazing achievement with finalists being selected from over 600 entries in various categories. In addition to this, Amanda Epe, founder of Fly Girls won Run Leader of the Year.

Fly Girls Wellness

With Fly Girls Wellness, Amanda Epe being a writer herself, explores writing as social therapy. The benefits of writing as therapy has been widely studied and we’ve even written a blog about this here.

Fly Girls Wellness recognises that writing can help people clear their mind and make sense of their situation. They state that writing brings clarity and can bring about a remarkable transformation of feelings. With this in mind they aim to create an opportunity for people to share their true thoughts which can build confidence.  Their Writing for Wellbeing sessions are very different to regular literary groups where members critic your writing style, instead it aims to connect people with each other as their true feelings are shared through writing.

This is a great initiative that provides attendees with a creative way to improve their wellbeing, express their feelings and address the challenges of life.

Find Out More

We love the creative way that Fly Girls is addressing the health and wellbeing challenges in their community and wish them every success with their work.

To find out more about their work you can visit their website or follow them on social media

Facebook: @MsRoseBlossom

Twitter: @MsRoseBlossom

Instagram: @flygirlsuk

The late Professor Olikoye Ransome-Kuti was a world-renowned paediatrician, health campaigner and a prominent figure in global health for many decades.

Professor Ransome-Kuti was born in Nigeria and studied medicine at Trinity College in Dublin from 1948 – 1954. He returned to Nigeria to practice medicine after his studies and then in 1960 he travelled back to the UK to begin his postgraduate training in paediatrics.  After his postgraduate training he once again returned to the country of his birth becoming professor and head of the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Lagos; in 1978, he became their first professor of primary care.

In 1968 he set up an experimental family health clinic which led to the establishment of the Institute of Child Health and Primary Care at the College of Medicine at the University of Lagos. In 1976 he became the director of the National Basic Health Services Scheme Implementation Agency for Nigeria and was involved in a first attempt to set up a national health system for Nigeria.

While lecturing at the National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies, Professor Ransome-Kuti impressed Ibrahim Babangida and when Babangida came into power in 1985 he appointed Professor Ransome-Kuti as Nigeria’s health minister.  Professor Ransome-Kuti held this position from 1985 to 1992 and he has been described as the “best Minister of Health Nigeria ever had.”

During his tenure as the Minister of Health he made a significant difference to the healthcare landscape in Nigeria – national health policy was further developed and then implemented, relationships between sectors was strengthened and  healthcare coverage across Nigeria increased significantly. He also made a huge difference in tackling the stigma around HIV/AIDS and his efforts at fighting the emerging epidemic was described as “heroic.” He had a busy period as Health Minister with many other achievements including overseeing a successful anti-smoking campaign which led to manufacturers adding warnings to their products.

After leaving his cabinet position in 1992, he became the chairman of WHO’s Executive Board and in 1994 he was appointed chair of the World Bank’s Better Health for Africa Panel where he championed the idea of primary healthcare to other African countries producing a blueprint for all countries to follow.

Professor Ransome-Kuti received numerous awards including the WHO Leon Bernard Award in 1986, an award that recognises a person for outstanding service in the field of social medicine. In 1990 he won the UNICEF Maurice Pate Award in recognition of his work in improving the health and welfare of children. He published many medical papers and held numerous teaching positions including a visiting professorship  at Johns Hopkins University’s school of hygiene and public health in Baltimore.

He was an effective campaigner speaking out against corruption and defending democracy and the rights of poor Africans. Campaigning and fighting for those who didn’t have a voice was something he was passionate about and seemed to run in his family. His mother, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, was a women’s rights campaigner and was part of the team that negotiated Nigeria’s independence with the British. Whilst his brother was Fela Kuti the well-known musician, singer,  father of Afrobeat, human rights campaigner and political activist and his cousin Wole Soyinka is the Nobel Laureate, playwright, poet and political activist. 

Professor Ransome-Kuti was not only a brilliant man, but a nice person with his friends and colleagues describing him as a kind, caring, wise, gentle, humorous  and a direct individual. He was a family man and doting father being married to his wife Sonia Ransome-Kuti for 50 years and having three children – Dr Dotun Ransome-Kuti (Veterinary Doctor) , Dr Gboyega Ransome-Kuti (Medical Doctor) and  Bisoye Ransome-Kuti (Lawyer)

Professor Ransome-Kuti sadly died unexpectedly in 2003 from a pulmonary embolism whilst attending a WHO conference in London. He is greatly missed and his legacy lives on in Nigeria.

Welcome to this blog series on gardening and our health and well-being. Over the next couple of months we’ll be taking you on a personal journey as we explore the health and well-being benefits of gardening for ourselves. We’ll tell you how we started, show you our garden, what we’re growing and share some of what we’ve learnt along the way. Today we start off with a quick introduction. Enjoy!

When many of us think of gardening, we think of it as hard manual labour and a chore. We wonder why anyone would spend a weekend in the garden when they could be doing something else. Well, research (and personal experience) has shown that gardening is not only fun but can play an important role in improving our physical and mental health. The benefits are so effective that a whole industry of therapeutic horticulture exists and has been in existence, in some form or another, since the early 19^th century.

Thrive, a charity that was founded 35 years ago, uses gardening to bring about positive changes in the lives of people with a disability, who are experiencing ill-health, are isolated, disadvantaged or vulnerable. They describe the health benefits of gardening as:

• Better physical health through exercise and muscle strengthening
• Improved mental health through a sense of purpose,  achieving a sense of peace and tranquillity, restoring attention and stress alleviation
• The development of life skills

Gardening and Physical Health

Gardening is no joke! It can be really hard work. Mowing the lawn, digging, weeding and raking can leave you feeling physically exhausted. This is a really good thing as it means you’re getting some serious exercise.

 A research study published in 2014 showed that digging and raking equated to high-intensity exercise whilst other activities such as weeding, sowing seeds, harvesting, watering and planting transplants were found to be equivalent to moderate-intensity exercise. This means that spending time working on your garden every day could enable you to achieve the government’s recommended amount of physical activity (150 minutes a week), and because of the variety of tasks performed in the garden you’ll be getting both a cardiovascular and muscle strengthening workout.

Regular gardening has an impact on our physical health as the exercise we achieve from it can improve the health of our heart, help with weight loss and reduce our risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, stroke, cancer, fibroids and a number of other health conditions.

The Mental Health Benefits

Gardening makes you feel good.  The excitement of seeing your seeds sprout , the peace and tranquillity of having some quiet time in your garden, the accomplishment you feel when you harvest your first-fruits and gaining a new-found  appreciation for nature all contribute to improving your emotions and state of mind. This is backed up by research too.

In 2013, researchers published a review of ten high-quality studies on garden-based mental health interventions. These studies all explored the benefits of gardening on people with mental health difficulties. All of them showed an improvement in the symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as a range of benefits including emotional, social, vocational, physical and spiritual.

Gardening and a Healthy Diet

Many people who delve into the world of gardening explore growing their own fruits and vegetables.  Growing your own produce is a fun and rewarding way of introducing more fruits and vegetables into your diet;  it can be a way to introduce a lot of these into your diet as one, say, tomato plant can provide an abundance of tomatoes, meaning your diet can be more plant-based. This type of diet has a number of health benefits including reducing the risk of cancer, diabetes and heart disease.

In addition to this, as you’ll be growing these yourselves you can avoid some of the harmful pesticides that are commonly used in commercially grown fruits and vegetables, avoid genetically modified products and you’ll get very fresh fruit and veg which many have said are tastier than store-bought products.

The Development of Life Skills

To grow anything requires you to develop and utilise a number of skills. These include problem solving (coming up with solutions when your plants don’t look right), patience, discipline, time-management, research (understanding the plant you’re growing), perseverance and a basic understanding of plant biology. Gaining these skills improves confidence and there is the added benefit that some of these skills are transferable to other areas of your life. Being empowered with these skills improves a person’s overall well-being, improving their outlook on life and leading to significant personal development.

Conclusion

Whilst at first glance gardening may not seem that inspiring, when you explore it further you can see the huge benefits it can have on your well-being. So… if you’re looking for a  fun, yet practical way to get fit, active and healthy why not try a bit of gardening. We’re trying it and we love it!

See you next time and happy gardening!

Let us know your thoughts on gardening for health benefits in the comments section below.

We took a break from our blog series, Inspirational People in Healthcare, but this week it is back! We’ll continue recognising people in healthcare who are making a significant difference in their field.

We hope you’ll enjoy reading this blog series and please do email us the details of anyone in healthcare who inspires you and we’ll include them in this series. Today we focus on Miss Samantha Tross.

Miss Samantha Tross is a Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at Ealing Hospital in London with general orthopaedic experience and has a specialist interest in Lower Limb Arthroplasty.  Miss Tross is the first black female Orthopaedic Consultant Surgeon in the UK, specialising in minimally invasive surgery and is one of the women who make up the 5% of Orthopaedic Consultants Surgeons in the UK who are female.

As well as her clinical work she is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Medical Care Reports, an Examiner for Imperial College Medical School’s final examinations, Programme Director for Core Surgical Trainees at Ealing Hospital, Associate Professor of Orthopaedics at the American University of the Caribbean and an  Education Supervisor and mentor for young surgeons.

She is a member of both the Royal College of Surgeons of England and Scotland, and received her medical degree from the University College London.  She obtained her surgical training at a number of London teaching hospitals including St Georges Hospital, The Royal London and Guy’s & St Thomas’.

Miss Tross has been recognised in the JP Morgan Black Powerlist of 100 most influential Black Britons every year since 2011, was named in Tatler’s Doctor’s Guide in 2013 as one of Britain’s top 250 Consultants, has been featured in numerous publications and is the recipient of the 2016 Black British Business Image Award.

You can listen to Miss Tross talk about her average day as a surgeon in the video below and you can find out more about her work here

This week the UK’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition published their report on vitamin D and health. This was an interesting report that provided some useful background on vitamin D. This included the benefits of vitamin D, an analysis of whether people in the UK are getting enough vitamin D and recommendations on how to ensure that we all have sufficient levels.

Background

 The report stated that vitamin D is important in regulating the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body and is made in the skin upon exposure to sunlight that contains sufficient levels of UVB radiation. Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D for most people but it can also be obtained from our diet and supplements.

Dietary sources and supplements become important during the winter months when UVB radiation is limited, in people who spend a lot of time indoors and in people who cover their body when they go outdoors.

Previous Guidance On Recommended Levels of Vitamin D Were Not Sufficient

In 1991, Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for vitamin D were set by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA). These values were only based on preventing rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

A Reference Nutrition Intake(RNI) for vitamin D was not set for people with regular exposure to sunlight. This is because it was felt that the exposure to sunlight in the summer would balance out the lack of exposure in the winter. Therefore RNIs were set only for people at risk of a vitamin D deficiency. This included infants aged 0-3 years old; pregnant and breastfeeding woman; those over 65 years old; those with limited sunlight exposure; and Asian women and children.

 The Need for this Current Report

There was a need for new guidance because previous guidance was not extensive and a significant amount of research has been conducted on vitamin D since publishing the previous guidance. Therefore the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition carried out a review with the aim of exploring the Dietary Reference Values for vitamin D and to make recommendations. This work started in 2010 and the findings were published  this week.

The Committee’s Findings

The committee looked at a range of health outcomes to determine whether these could help determine what the Dietary Reference Values for vitamin D should be.

They first explored muscle and bone health outcomes and then reproductive health, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, infectious diseases, oral health and other health comes. They wanted to see if there was a clear link between these health outcomes and  vitamin D supplementation and levels of vitamin D. So, they were looking at what levels of vitamin D could positively affect these health outcomes.

They found that the only reliable data they could use to determine what the Dietary Reference Values should be were those related to muscle and bone health outcomes. These outcomes included rickets, osteomalacia, falls, muscle strength and muscle function.

For the other health outcomes the data was inconsistent so further work is needed to determine whether vitamin D has a beneficial effect on these conditions.

Recommendations

Based on their findings the committee made the following recommendations:

1. To protect musculoskeletal health, the serum 25(OH)D – a marker of vitamin D status- of individuals in the UK should not fall below 25nmol/L  at any time of the year.

2. Those at risk of having serum 25 (OH) D below 25nmol/L are: those who spend the least amount of time outdoors (frail and institutionalised people), those that wear clothing that covers most of their skin when they are outdoors  and those from ethnic groups with dark skin.

3. A Reference Nutrition Intake (RNI) for vitamin D of 10ug/d is recommended for the UK population aged 4 years and above. This includes pregnant and lactating women and population groups at risk of having low levels of vitamin D. A separate RNI is not required for these groups as was advised previously.

4. RNI should be applicable throughout the year, as a precautionary measure, to cover population groups in the UK identified to be at risk of having low vitamin D levels.

5. The RNI refers to all intakes from dietary sources: natural food sources, fortified foods and supplements. (They note that it is difficult to achieve the RNI with natural food sources alone so the government needs to develop a strategy for the UK population to achieve the RNI of 10ug/d).

This was a very informative report and one the black community in the UK should take note of as we are at risk of having low levels of vitamin D. This is because the melanin  in our skin doesn’t absorb as much UV radiation. This means that we have to ensure that we obtain vitamin D from dietary sources and we should be aiming for the 10ug/d the report suggests.

For more information you can download the full report below.

This month is Black Music Month giving us an opportunity to highlight the contribution that black people have made to the music industry.  As I think about all the great music out there, I wonder, can music have a serious role in improving our health and well-being?

We know that music has a huge impact on our emotions. The right song at the right time can be inspiring, make us happy, motivate us to take action and cause us to reflect

So, by extrapolation we could say music must be good for our health because it can make us feel good. But, what does research tell us about the effect of music on our health?

There have been a number of studies exploring the effect of music on our health and they have found that music has a beneficial effect on both our physical and mental health.

Stress and Music

One of the most obvious benefits of music is its effect on anxiety and stress. We’ve all turned to music when we’ve had a particularly stressful day and have needed to create a peaceful calming environment.   Research has shown that the calming effect of music is real with scientists demonstrating that music prevents stress-induced increases in subjective anxiety.

Researchers looked at measures of anxiety (heart rate, blood pressure and cortisol levels) and found that in a stressful situation these measures were increased in people not exposed to music but not so for those people exposed to music; subjects exposed to music were not anxious and were better able to deal with the stressful situation.

Other studies have confirmed this showing that music can relieve anxiety in a number of situations. These include:

• Improving anxiety levels in cancer patients
• A reduction in pain and anxiety in children undergoing medical and dental procedures
• A reduction in psychological distress during gastrocopic examination

 Mental Health and Music

As well as music being beneficial in alleviating stress and anxiety, music has a role to play in treating mental health conditions.  It can help with the symptoms of depression, improves a person’s ability to carry out cognitive tasks and helps people express emotions.

Furthermore an interesting study looking at the effect of religious music found that listening to religious music regularly was associated with a reduction in death anxiety and an increase in life satisfaction, self-esteem and a sense of control, leading scientists to conclude that listening to religious music promotes psychological well-being

The video below provides a great example of the power of music in improving our mental health

Physical Health and Music

Music also improves our physical health with studies showing that music can help patients with conditions such as heart disease, stroke, cancer and dementia, and can  help us cope better with pain.

When it comes to heart disease researchers found that joyful music improved blood vessel function and can therefore improve the health of our heart. In addition, music has also been shown to improve stroke recovery helping with memory and attention and as mentioned previously music has been shown to be beneficial to cancer patients by reducing anxiety levels but it also has been shown to alleviate pain and improve the quality of life of patients.

So, music is not just about entertaining it can be good for our health and well-being meaning we have a very easy way to improve the quality of our life at our finger tips.  Happy listening!

A couple of weeks ago we listened live to Harvard Medical School’s Mini Med seminar on ageing. This was a very informative  event featuring experts in the field Amy Wagers Professor of Stem Cell Regenerative Biology; Sharon Inouye, the Director of the Hospital Elder Life Program and Professor of Medicine; and  Bruce Yanker, the Co-Director of the Paul F. Glenn Centre for the Biology of Ageing. Together they explained how the body ages and how we can keep it young and healthy.

The event started with an introduction by Amy Wagers who explained that ageing is a collection of physical and behavioural changes that take place as an individual gets older. She stated that ageing is the biggest risk factor for many diseases and the challenge that the medical field faces is how to promote healthy ageing.

When thinking about aging it was stressed that we have to think of a person’s health span as opposed to their life span. A person’s health span is the number of healthy years of life they experience and currently the general population’s life span has increased but their health span is relatively short and we need to do more research to determine how we can effectively increase a person’s health span; we don’t want people to have a long life span but have a poor quality of life because their health span is short.

Amy stated that we need to understand the cellular, biochemical and molecular basis of ageing and therefore understand how age-related diseases develop so that we can target these diseases. Amy stressed the importance of identifying predisposition to age-related diseases as there has been an explosion in these diseases over the past 15 years, mostly because we have more elderly than ever before.

Amy explained that ageing is a complex process where many biological mechanisms interact, these include loss of protein function, reduction in the communication between organs, the loss of the ability to regenerate cells after injury, metabolic dysfunction and DNA defects, just to name a few.  She said that there is hope that we can target the biological causes of ageing to prevent and reverse age-related disease.  Amy stressed that there are two very important factors in preventing age related diseases and these are: diet and exercise.

We then heard from Sharon Inouye who explored the clinical aspects of ageing. She stated that some of the main issues with ageing are: illness, disease and medications affect older adults differently; older adults are more likely to have multiple health conditions; we’re in a stressful society and stress results in a reduction in our physiological reserve so our body is less able to deal with ageing; falls are the leading cause of death in the elderly; many eldery experience a significant decline in brain function and finally we don’t have enough geriatricians to treat older people. Due to all of these issues we need to find ways to ensure that people age well. She stated that an important part of addressing these issues is ensuring that older people maintain their cognitive health by: encouraging people to be physically active (this is the most important), reducing cardiovascular risk factors, looking at medication management,  keeping the elderly socially and intellectually active and ensuring they get enough sleep.

Finally we heard from Bruce Yankers who spoke about brain function in the elderly. He wanted to answer the question: how do people who are healthy lose neurons? He stated that many older people retain memory and cognitive function but others lose this, why? He explained that biological processes in the brain decline with age and there are a number of genes involved in this process. REST is a gene regulator that appears in the ageing brain and disappears in people with Alzheimer’s Disease. REST controls many genes involved in memory. It keeps cells alive and regulates genes involved in neuron function. REST proteins are protective against Alzheimer’s Disease and thus prevent loss of neurons. He explained that some people can withstand Alzheimer’s lesions and do not go on to develop dementia, why? It seems to be REST proteins that are protective in these situations.

Finally Bruce explained that research has suggested that the strength and quality of relationships dictate how well people age. It was found that how happy people are is important in ageing healthily. Specifically how happy people are in marriage by 50 seemed to be a good indicator of how well they will age. Therefore it’s important that people control their stress levels and strive to be happy.

This was a very interesting seminar and gave us a lot to think about with regards to how to promote healthy ageing. A key theme of each talk was the power of exericse and we’ll continue to encourage the public to keep active.

We’d like to thank Harvard Medical School for organising this seminar series and making it as accessible as possible by broadcasting it live on the internet. You can find out more about this seminar series, read the lecture notes and watch

Nigerian-born doctor and scientist Dr Funmi Olopade is one of the world’s leading authorities on hereditary breast cancer and cancer risk assessment. She has a special interest in women of African descent, and her research into the genetic basis of breast cancer in young women of African ancestry has broadened our understanding of the interactions between genes, lifestyle and the environment in the development of breast cancer.

In October 2008, in recognition of her work, Dr Olopade was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and in February 2011, Dr Olopade was nominated by President Barack Obama for membership on the National Cancer Advisory Board.

Dr Olopade directs a multidisciplinary clinical and laboratory research program at the University of Chicago Medical Centre, is a haematology oncologist and the Walter L Palmer Distinguished Service Professor in Medicine and Human Genetics at the University of Chicago.

Dr Olopade has received numerous honours and awards, including honorary degrees from North Central, Dominican, Bowdoin, and Princeton universities. She is also a recipient of the Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist and Exceptional Mentor Award, an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professorship, a MacArthur Foundation “Genius” Fellowship and Officer of the Order of the Niger Award.

On Saturday 20^th February, we attended Black Action for Health’s African-Caribbean Health Day. This event aimed to provide experts in the field with a platform to raise awareness of the health issues that are of particular concern to the African and Caribbean community. A key part of this event was highlighting the fact that ur community are more likely to die too early from or suffer from preventable diseases.

The event was hosted by Dr Charlie Easmon, Medical Director at Your Excellent Health Service and the actor Hugh Quarshie with remarks from the president of the Royal College of Nursing Cecilia Amin and the Mayor of Lambeth Donatus Anyanwu.

Obesity

The event began with a presentation by Dr George Grimble on ‘The Importance of  a Healthy Weight and Low Waist Size’. From Dr Grimble we learnt that the prevalence of obesity has increased significantly over the past 20 years and those who are overweight or obese are at increased risked of premature death with many diseases being linked to obesity. Additionally, there is a huge cost associated with obesity with a recent report by McKinsey and Co stating that the cost of obesity is $2 Trillion.

Dr Grimble stated that the rise in obesity is due to our lifestyles becoming remarkably sedentary which means we are in a positive energy balance (we aren’t burning off what we eat) and this makes us all more likely to gain weight.  He explained that for many people weight gain is gradual and occurs from 30 years of eating what equates to 200-240 large meals. What this means  is that when it comes to weight loss  we have to “uneat” these 200-240 meals and this will take a long time, there is no quick fix to weight loss.  He stressed that mainstream diets don’t work over the long-term and that to achieve long-term weight loss requires a change in lifestyle and the right motivation – the desire to achieve good health.  He told the audience there is no secret to weight loss it’s all about good nutrition, it’s tough but we can all do it.

Dr Grimble spoke about research that showed that what is important for weight loss is reducing our energy intake (i.e. what we eat). This is more important than exercise. Whilst exercise is good for overall general health and some weight loss we can achieve more significant weight loss through managing our energy intake.  Additionally, what we have to do is pay attention to belly fat, this is what increases our risk of a number of diseases such as diabetes. It was interesting to note that Asians and the African-Caribbean community are more sensitive to the effects of belly fat and people from these communities with belly fat are more likely to develop diabetes, stroke, hypertension and metabolic syndrome  than their white counterparts with the same amount of belly fat.  Because of this it is more important for black people to be as lean as possible and to be as physically active as possible.

Blood Pressure
Next, we heard from Prof Graham McGregor who delivered a presentation on ‘Raised Blood Pressure and the Black Community’. In his presentation Prof McGregor stated that raised blood pressure is by far the biggest cause of death in the UK with the risk of ill health starting at 115mmHg.   He explained that a raised blood pressure kills through direct effects but also indirect effects. He demonstrated that people with low blood pressure are at a lower risk of stroke, heart disease and many other health conditions and the most important strategy that we can use to improve people’s health is that of reducing everyone’s blood pressure, which is a more effective strategy than treatment.

Prof McGregor spoke about treatment and stated that there are a number of drugs available to treat high blood pressure with very clear guidelines on how they should be used, the use of these drugs can be confusing. He stated that black patients shouldn’t use ACE inhibitors as these aren’t effective in this population.  He reminded the audience that if you have high blood pressure you have to do something about it. You have to take control of your treatment and be assertive with your GP and make sure you’re getting the best care.  He stated that he sees many patients being poorly managed so it’s important that guidelines are followed.

Prof MacGregor then discussed black people and salt. We learnt that up to 5000 years ago we weren’t eating very much salt and we’re now eating significantly more salt than our body needs. We were surprised to learn that 80% of our salt intake is hidden in processed food, takeaways, fast food and restaurant food. He stated that there has been a huge drive to get the food industry to reduce the amount of salt in their products. Over the past few years there has been some success in this and a 30% reduction of salt in many products such as bread has been achieved which has resulted in an overall reduction in the public’s blood pressure.   We learnt that black people are more sensitive to salt’s effect on blood pressure  making salt toxic to black people. Unfortunately we are addicted to salt with the majority of black people using large amounts of salt when preparing food. He recommended that all black people throw away their salt, stock cubes and salted seasonings stating that it takes four weeks to get accustomed to food cooked without salt.

Finally, Prof McGregor discussed genetics and said that there is a genetic element to high blood pressure, but it’s not clear what specific genes are involved; there are about 30 possible genes which researchers are looking it. He stressed that what they do know is that these genes are of no importance if you don’t eat salt.

These presentations really stood out for us

These two above presentations on obesity and high blood pressure really stood out for us as these are conditions that are very common in the African-Caribbean community and can easily be prevented through a healthy lifestyle and this was clearly articulated in both presentations.

Other presentations

Other presentations on the day were very interesting and these included a talk by Dr Adeola Olaitan on ‘Cancer of the Cervix –Inevitable or Avoidable’ where we learnt that through cervical screening and the HPV vaccination cervical cancer can be prevented . We also heard from Mr Leye Ajayi on ‘Prostate Cancer’ where he discussed black men’s high risk of developing this disease and the challenges that exist in diagnosis without a screening test. Finally, we heard from Dr Michael Rudenko who spoke about allergies.

As well as the main presentations we heard from Levi Roots who discussed eating ethically,  Brenda Thompson-Murray who explored the role of carers and Iyamide Thomas who gave an overview of sickle cell and the work of the Sickle Cell Society.

An excellent event

This was an excellent, informative event and we’d like to thank Dr Charlie Easmon for organising this event and look forward to the next one.

Prof Frank Chinegwundoh is a Consultant Urological Surgeon.  He was appointed as a Consultant to Barts Health NHS Trust and Newham University Hospital NHS Trust in 1996.  He is a lecturer at  the University of London and in that capacity examines theses for doctoral degrees in urology.

He is an expert in the field of prostate cancer and is invited to speak at international meetings.  Prof Chinegwundoh published the first paper in the UK to show that black men in the UK have a three-fold excess risk of developing prostate cancer compared to white men.  He has authored numerous publications and book chapters.

Prof Chinegwundoh sits on the Department of Health Prostate Cancer Advisory Group, the Cancer Reform Strategy group, the National Cancer Equalities group and a working party on cancer survivorship.  He also sits on the Bowel Cancer Screening Advisory Group.  He is the spokesman for the Prostate Cancer Charter for Action.  Since 1998 he has chaired the Charity Cancer Black Care.  He is a Trustee of the Prostate Cancer Support Federation and was previously a trustee of Prostate Action.

Apart from expertise in prostate cancer therapies he is also able to employ a variety of technologies to deal with the enlarged benign prostate, for example TURP, TURIS, TUNA.

In 2008 he received a National Clinical Excellence Award and in 2013 was awarded an MBE for services to the NHS. In 2010 he graduated with a Master of Medical Law degree from Glasgow University.  In 2002 he was appointed a visiting Professor in Urology to the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital in Enugu.